Which conditions are included among the neurobehavioral disorders assessed during the mental status examination?

• A. Dementia; delirium; depression; psychosis
• B. Hypertension; hyperlipidemia; diabetes; obesity
• C. Skin infections; dermatitis; acne; eczema
• D. Liver disease; kidney disease; anemia; dehydration

Answer: (A)

In the mental status examination, the focus is on neurobehavioral and cognitive/psychiatric conditions that affect how a person thinks, perceives, and behaves. Dementia, delirium, depression, and psychosis are classic examples of these neurobehavioral disorders because they directly impact memory, attention, orientation, mood, thought content, and perception. Delirium is an acute, fluctuating disturbance of attention and awareness; dementia is a chronic, progressive decline in cognitive function; depression affects mood and can impair concentration and motivation; psychosis involves distorted reality testing with symptoms like delusions or hallucinations. The other options list medical conditions or skin and organ diseases that influence overall health but are not, in themselves, neurobehavioral disorders assessed in the mental status exam.